Kiến thức điều dưỡng lâm sàng có 4898 câu hỏi luyện tập miễn phí phù hợp với các kỳ thi: NCLEX-RN, NMC CBT, DHA, SCFHS.
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1. A nurse is about to give an oral medication to a client in a shared room. Which action best confirms the client's identity?
Check the name on the room door and bed
Ask the client to state full name and date of birth and compare with the wristband and medication record
Ask the client, 'Are you Mr. Ahmed?'
Confirm identity with the client's visitor
Hiện đáp án
B. Ask the client to state full name and date of birth and compare with the wristband and medication record
Two patient-specific identifiers, stated by the client and matched against the wristband and the record, are the standard. Room or bed numbers are never identifiers, and closed questions invite a false 'yes'.
2. Cardiac output monitors often report the cardiac index as well as cardiac output. What does the cardiac index adjust for?
Body surface area, so values can be compared between patients of different sizes
The patient's age, so that older patients have a lower target value
The time of day, because cardiac output is always much lower at night during sleep
The oxygen concentration being given through the ventilator
Hiện đáp án
A. Body surface area, so values can be compared between patients of different sizes
Cardiac index is cardiac output divided by body surface area, measured in L/min/m². This allows the heart's output to be judged against body size: 5 L/min may be adequate for a small adult but low for a very large one. A typical normal index is about 2.5–4 L/min/m². It is not adjusted for age, inspired oxygen or the time of day.
3. What is the normal resting respiratory rate for an adult?
8 to 10 breaths per minute
12 to 20 breaths per minute
22 to 28 breaths per minute
30 to 36 breaths per minute
Hiện đáp án
B. 12 to 20 breaths per minute
A normal adult resting respiratory rate is about 12 to 20 breaths per minute. A rate of 8 to 10 is low and can indicate opioid toxicity or neurological depression. Rates above 20 are raised; persistent rates in the 20s or above are an early and sensitive sign of deterioration, and a rate of 25 or more scores highly on early warning systems such as NEWS2.
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